From the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel:

Early testing gains foothold at MPS

Panel supports yearly standardized exams despite protests

By Joe Williams
of the Journal Sentinel staff

Last Updated: May 10, 2000

Despite strong opposition from teachers, education professors and some parents, Milwaukee Public Schools officials pushed Tuesday to annually test students as young as kindergartners to measure what they're learning.

Billed as a plan to provide more useful information about academic performance earlier in a student's career, the School Board's Innovation/School Reform committee voted 3-2 Tuesday to begin a new standardized assessment system for the district's 100,000 students as soon as next spring.

The proposed system would eliminate some "performance assessments" now used in older grades, giving students standardized exams every year to measure academic progress.

It also would require frequent assessments by teachers in the classrooms to determine whether students are learning at levels considered standard by the district.

"We have to have a more systemic and available method to evaluate what is working and not working in schools," said board member John Gardner, who said he disagreed with most of the comments of a long line of teachers and parents who spoke at a hearing on the plan.

Gardner said that with the exception of the district's writing exams, the current system of testing has failed to improve learning at most of the schools in the district. He said the district is "finding out what a student's academic skill levels are far, far too late."

The plan was extremely unpopular with the several dozen teachers and parents who attended the meeting, many of whom booed after the vote. One parent warned School Board President Bruce Thompson, who spoke in favor of the proposal but is not a member of the committee, to make a big pot of coffee on Saturday morning because there would be protests outside his house.

"I don't want you to test my children to death, I want you to teach my children to death," said board member Charlene Hardin, who voted against the plan, along with Don Werra.

Joining Gardner in support of the plan were board members Joe Dannecker and Ken Johnson. The full School Board will vote later this month.

Under the plan, intended to measure "value added" learning over the course of each year, kindergartners would be given standardized reading tests. Beginning in first grade, students would be tested each year in reading, writing, English and language arts, and math.

Third graders now are the youngest students to participate in wide-scale standardized testing, and many national education groups have frowned on the reliability of testing before third grade.

"It's very controversial," said Mike Czerwinski, an administrator who presented the plan Tuesday. "In all of the discussions we had, the issue of at what age we start giving the tests was by far the most energized discussion."

Czerwinski said studies were conflicting about the effect of testing on young students. "I think you'll find research that says it is harmful and some that says it is not so harmful," he said.

Addressing concerns raised by Hardin that the district would be viewed as a test-driven district, Czerwinski said, "I would prefer to look at it as a learning-driven district rather than assessment-driven."

"We're not talking about simply giving more tests, we're talking about using the tests differently, and I think that is a significant point," he said.

While some opponents cited arguments about testing methodology and reliability, others raised questions such as whether the tests would be used to improperly judge teachers, whether young students could handle the pressure of testing, how much it would cost the financially strapped district and whether schools should have had more input into the drafting of the plan.

"I don't think all of these tests are leading to better teaching and better learning," said Andy Moss, a teacher at MacDowell Montessori Elementary School.

Robert Peterson, a teacher at La Escuela Fratney, urged the board not to test young children and to take more time to seek teachers' input on the change.

"Right now, the people who are going to be your foot soldiers and implement this aren't on board," Peterson said. He also complained that the district's proposed budget already assumed the costs for the plan, suggesting a decision had been made without public input.

Part of the new plan would align the district's testing and promotions policies with the state's. Fourth- and eighth-graders, for example, would not be able to advance in grade unless they met one of three criteria, one of which is standardized test scores.

There are no plans to hold students back in other grades based on how they score.

Tuesday marked the first chance that any board members or the public had to weigh in on the plan. One of the selling points for approving it right away was that it needed to be done now to begin it next year.


Appeared in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on May 10, 2000.

Copyright 1998, 199, 2000, 2001  by David N. Shearon